Everything About Qubits

Welcome to the world of Quantum Computing

Quantum what?

Before we get into what a qubit is, it is important to take a step back and understand what ‘quantum’ means. By broad definition, a quantum is the smallest unit than anything around us can be broken down to.

In our classical world, we have identified many basic units which help us better understand and quantify our environment. The basic units of mass (lb, Kg), volume (mL, L), temperature (Celcius, Farenheit) have helped us understand our classical a.k.a “large” view of the world. All around us, we have many trillions and trillions of atoms and different energies. Quantum nature of matter and energy basically comes down to this:

“interaction of two atoms (A and B) with each other is different than the interaction between two clumps of atoms. i.e. 1 million atoms of A and 1 millions atoms of B”.

When larger and larger amounts of matter and energy interact, they show what we call “classical” behavior. If an apple drops from a tree it would fall and make a sound plus it might also get a bit squished in the process. This type of bulk behavior we have learnt to explain using basic physical laws.

However, when we go down to smaller and smaller dimensions, it becomes difficult to explain their behavior, or in other words, they follow a different set of rules.

Pretty much EVERYTHING around us has a classical and quantum nature. Take light for example, we see many forms of light daily including sunshine, moonlight, light from a flashlight/torch, car lights etc. It would seem that light from your flashlight is one continuous source. When turned ON, it seems to shoot a continuous beam of light out. But the reality is that beam of light is made up of very tiny packets of light which we have labelled ‘photons’. A photon is basically the smallest unit (quantum) that that makes up a beam of light.

We need to take a step back in time to understand and appreciate how quantum units started seeping into our every language. In the early 1900’s Max Plank came up with a theory known as the Quantum Theory. Of course, no one person can take credit for scientific breakthroughs as it is usually a result of all our collective knowledge as a human species and every person, every generation makes some contribution. (Going from the view that the world was flat to understanding the world was actually NOT flat took many hundreds if not thousands of years of evolution). Ludwig Boltzmann and Wilhelm Wien were two other noteworthy contributors of this generation which led toward the first quantum theory. Google them or better yet visit your local library and read about these folks to get more details!

Basically Max Plank observed fire and other sources of energy. He concluded that although we can see light from a fire as if it is a continuous source. I.e that ALTHOUGH the light from the burning fire looks like it is one constant source of energy, the light and heat from the fire is actually coming at us in very small packets of energy he affectionately named “quanta”. It’s only when billions and trillions of quanta (or packets of energy) reach us from the fire that we feel the heat and we see the flames burning bright!

So hope you have a better feel of what the quantum nature of our every day world is. Below are some examples where I have listed the classical phenomena and what we call its smallest possible unit. In general its a “quanta” or a “quantum”. But we humans like our labels and we have decided to have new names to break down each classical phenomena.

The quantum unit of light (energy) = photon

The quantum unit of information = qubit

Does this make sense? What are your thoughts

Do you have any comments or suggestions? Please share if so!!

Please share your feedback and let’s continue this discussion!

quantum nature

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